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FAPMS Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP) Mutation Screen
MessageMAYO Clinic
Test Code
82582
Alias/See Also
"Adenomatous Polyposis Coli (APC)
APC (Adenomatous Polyposis Coli)
Gardner's Syndrome"
APC (Adenomatous Polyposis Coli)
Gardner's Syndrome"
CPT Codes
81201, 81203
Preferred Specimen
"Lavender top (EDTA) or yellow top (ACD)
3 mL"
3 mL"
Minimum Volume
1 mL
Other Acceptable Specimens
Any anticoagulant
Instructions
"1. Invert several times to mix blood.
2. Send specimen in original tube.
Specimen must arrive within 96 hours of draw.
Documentation of the specific familial mutation must be provided with the specimen in order to perform this test.
Forms:
1. Molecular Genetics-Inherited Cancer Syndromes Patient Information Sheet (Supply T519) in Special Instructions
2. New York Clients-Informed consent is required. Please document on the request form or electronic order that a copy is on file. An Informed Consent for Genetic Testing (Supply T576) is available in Special Instructions.
3. If not ordering electronically, submit a Molecular Genetics Request Form (Supply T245) with the specime
"
2. Send specimen in original tube.
Specimen must arrive within 96 hours of draw.
Documentation of the specific familial mutation must be provided with the specimen in order to perform this test.
Forms:
1. Molecular Genetics-Inherited Cancer Syndromes Patient Information Sheet (Supply T519) in Special Instructions
2. New York Clients-Informed consent is required. Please document on the request form or electronic order that a copy is on file. An Informed Consent for Genetic Testing (Supply T576) is available in Special Instructions.
3. If not ordering electronically, submit a Molecular Genetics Request Form (Supply T245) with the specime
"
Transport Container
original tube
Transport Temperature
Room Temp
Specimen Stability
"Ambient (preferred)
Frozen
Refrigerated
"
Frozen
Refrigerated
"
Reject Criteria (Eg, hemolysis? Lipemia? Thaw/Other?)
"No specimen should be rejected. If specimen not received at appropriate temperature or in wrong anticoagulant, include note to laboratory. If questions, contact laboratory.
"
"
Methodology
"Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) followed by DNA Sequence Analysis/Protein Truncation Test with Follow-up sequencing when appropriate Gene Dosage Analysis by Multiplex Ligation-Dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA) Direct Mutation Analysis Utilizing Fluorescent DNA Sequencing (PCR is utilized pursuant to a license agreement with Roche Molecular Systems, Inc.) "
Setup Schedule
Thursday; 10 a.m
Report Available
14 days, 20 days Max
Limitations
"A small percentage of individuals who are carriers or have a diagnosis of FAP may have a mutation that is not identified by this method (eg, promoter mutations, deep intronic alterations). The absence of a mutation(s), therefore, does not eliminate the possibility of positive carrier status or the diagnosis of FAP. For carrier testing, it is important to first document the presence of an APC gene mutation in an affected family member.
In some cases, DNA alterations of undetermined significance may be identified.
Rare polymorphisms exist that could lead to false-negative or false-positive results. If results obtained do not match the clinical findings, additional testing should be considered.
A previous bone marrow transplant from an allogenic donor will interfere with testing. Call Mayo Medical Laboratories for instructions for testing patients who have received a bone marrow transplant.
Test results should be interpreted in the context of clinical findings, family history, and other laboratory data. Errors in our interpretation of results may occur if information given is inaccurate or incomplete.
We strongly recommend that patients undergoing predictive testing receive genetic counseling both prior to testing and after results are available.
In addition to disease-related probes, the multiplex ligation probe amplification (MLPA) technique utilizes probes localized to other chromosomal regions as internal controls. In certain circumstances, these control probes may detect other diseases or conditions for which this test was not specifically intended. Results of the control probes are not normally reported. However, in cases where clinically relevant information is identified, the ordering physician will be informed of the result and provided with recommendations for any appropriate follow-up testing.
"
In some cases, DNA alterations of undetermined significance may be identified.
Rare polymorphisms exist that could lead to false-negative or false-positive results. If results obtained do not match the clinical findings, additional testing should be considered.
A previous bone marrow transplant from an allogenic donor will interfere with testing. Call Mayo Medical Laboratories for instructions for testing patients who have received a bone marrow transplant.
Test results should be interpreted in the context of clinical findings, family history, and other laboratory data. Errors in our interpretation of results may occur if information given is inaccurate or incomplete.
We strongly recommend that patients undergoing predictive testing receive genetic counseling both prior to testing and after results are available.
In addition to disease-related probes, the multiplex ligation probe amplification (MLPA) technique utilizes probes localized to other chromosomal regions as internal controls. In certain circumstances, these control probes may detect other diseases or conditions for which this test was not specifically intended. Results of the control probes are not normally reported. However, in cases where clinically relevant information is identified, the ordering physician will be informed of the result and provided with recommendations for any appropriate follow-up testing.
"
Reference Range
An interpretive report will be provided
Clinical Significance
"Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is an autosomal dominant condition caused by mutations in the APC gene located on the long arm of chromosome 5 (5q21). Classic FAP is characterized by progressive development of hundreds to thousands of adenomatous colon polyps. Polyps may develop during the first decade of life and the majority of untreated FAP patients will develop colon cancer by age 40. Typically, there is a predominance of polyps on the left side of the colon, however other areas of the colon my also be affected. The presence of extracolonic manifestations is variable and includes gastric and duodenal polyps, ampullary polyps, osteomas, dental abnormalities (unerupted teeth), congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium (CHRPE), benign cutaneous lesions, desmoids tumors, hepatoblastoma, and extracolonic cancers. Common constellations of colonic and extracolonic manifestations have resulted in the designation of 3 clinical variants: Gardner syndrome, Turcot syndrome, and hereditary desmoid disease.
Gardner syndrome is characterized by colonic polyps of classic FAP with epidermoid skin cysts and benign osteoid tumors of the mandible and long bones. Turcot syndrome is characterized by multiple colonic polyps and central nervous system (CNS) tumors.
Turcot syndrome is an unusual clinical variant of FAP, as it is also considered a clinical variant of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC). Individuals with Turcot syndrome have CNS tumors in addition to adenomatous polyps. The types of CNS tumor observed helps to distinguish Turcot-FAP variant patients from Turcot-HNPCC variant patients. The predominant CNS tumor associated with the Turcot-FAP variant is medulloblastoma, while glioblastoma is the predominant CNS tumor associated with Turcot-HNPCC.
Hereditary desmoid disease (HDD) is a variant of FAP with multiple desmoids tumors as the predominant feature. Many patients with HDD may not even show colonic manifestations of FAP. APC germline testing may assist clinicians in distinguishing a sporadic desmoid tumor, from that associated with FAP.
Attenuated FAP (AFAP) is characterized by later onset of disease and a milder phenotype (typically <100 adenomatous polyps and fewer extracolonic manifestations) than classic FAP. Typically individuals with AFAP develop symptoms of the disease at least 10 to 20 years later than classically affected individuals. Individuals with AFAP often lack a family history of colon cancer and/or multiple adenomatous polyps. Of note, clinical overlap is observed between AFAP and MYH-associated polyposis (MAP), an autosomal recessive polyposis syndrome typically associated with fewer than 100 polyps. Although the clinical phenotype of MAP remains somewhat undefined, extracolonic manifestations, including CHRPE have been described in affected patients. Given the phenotypic overlap of AFAP and MAP, these tests are commonly ordered together or in a reflex fashion.
See Colorectal Adenomatous Polyposis Algorithm in Special Instructions for additional information. Also see Hereditary Colorectal Cancer: Adenomatous Polyposis Syndromes (September 2004 Communique') in publications for additional information.
"
Gardner syndrome is characterized by colonic polyps of classic FAP with epidermoid skin cysts and benign osteoid tumors of the mandible and long bones. Turcot syndrome is characterized by multiple colonic polyps and central nervous system (CNS) tumors.
Turcot syndrome is an unusual clinical variant of FAP, as it is also considered a clinical variant of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC). Individuals with Turcot syndrome have CNS tumors in addition to adenomatous polyps. The types of CNS tumor observed helps to distinguish Turcot-FAP variant patients from Turcot-HNPCC variant patients. The predominant CNS tumor associated with the Turcot-FAP variant is medulloblastoma, while glioblastoma is the predominant CNS tumor associated with Turcot-HNPCC.
Hereditary desmoid disease (HDD) is a variant of FAP with multiple desmoids tumors as the predominant feature. Many patients with HDD may not even show colonic manifestations of FAP. APC germline testing may assist clinicians in distinguishing a sporadic desmoid tumor, from that associated with FAP.
Attenuated FAP (AFAP) is characterized by later onset of disease and a milder phenotype (typically <100 adenomatous polyps and fewer extracolonic manifestations) than classic FAP. Typically individuals with AFAP develop symptoms of the disease at least 10 to 20 years later than classically affected individuals. Individuals with AFAP often lack a family history of colon cancer and/or multiple adenomatous polyps. Of note, clinical overlap is observed between AFAP and MYH-associated polyposis (MAP), an autosomal recessive polyposis syndrome typically associated with fewer than 100 polyps. Although the clinical phenotype of MAP remains somewhat undefined, extracolonic manifestations, including CHRPE have been described in affected patients. Given the phenotypic overlap of AFAP and MAP, these tests are commonly ordered together or in a reflex fashion.
See Colorectal Adenomatous Polyposis Algorithm in Special Instructions for additional information. Also see Hereditary Colorectal Cancer: Adenomatous Polyposis Syndromes (September 2004 Communique') in publications for additional information.
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