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Echovirus Antibodies, CSF
Test CodeCPT Codes
86658 (x5)
Includes
Preferred Specimen
Minimum Volume
1 mL
Transport Temperature
Room temperature
Specimen Stability
Refrigerated: 14 days
Frozen: 30 days
Reject Criteria (Eg, hemolysis? Lipemia? Thaw/Other?)
Methodology
Complement Fixation (CF)
FDA Status
This test was developed and its analytical performance characteristics have been determined by Quest Diagnostics. It has not been cleared or approved by FDA. This assay has been validated pursuant to the CLIA regulations and is used for clinical purposes.
Setup Schedule
Set up: Tues-Sat; Report Available: 2-5 days
Clinical Significance
The test helps identify the presence of echovirus antibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The antibody panel includes echovirus 4, 7, 9, 11, and 30 and may be adjusted based on epidemiological data.
Echoviruses are nonpolio enteroviruses. Most people with echovirus infections are asymptomatic or exhibit mild upper respiratory symptoms. However, in rare cases, echovirus infection can lead to meningitis or encephalitis. Echovirus and coxsackieviruses are the most common pathogens causing aseptic meningitis [1].
Enterovirus PCR testing of CSF has been recommended for diagnosis of suspected encephalitis [2]. However, PCR testing does not identify the specific enteroviral type. Serum and CSF antibody testing (acute and convalescent) may provide additional information if the specific enterovirus type is needed for evaluation and could be especially helpful in outbreak settings [2,3]. Furthermore, if PCR results are negative, CSF antibody production may aid in the diagnosis.
Interpretation of results may be complicated by low antibodies levels found in CSF, passive transfer of antibodies from blood, and contamination via bloody taps.
The results of this test should be interpreted in the context of pertinent clinical and family history and physical examination findings.
References
1. Hasbun R, et al, Acute meningitis. In: Bennett JE, et al. Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 9th ed. Elsevier; 2019:1183-1219.
2. Solomon T, et al. J Infect. 2012;64(4):347-373.
3. American Academy of Pediatrics. Enteroviruses (non-poliovirus). In: Kimberlin DW, et al. 2015 Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases. 30th ed. American Academy of Pediatrics; 2015:333-336.
